They learned that as early Richmond began to industrialize, plantation owners would hire out their enslaved workers to city businesses and factories. Many of the workers lived in town, often alongside immigrants from Germany or Ireland as well as free Blacks, and were able to pick up money of their own through side businesses. Shortly before the Civil War, more than one in eight free residents of Richmond was Black, according to the 1976 National Register application for Jackson Ward submitted by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Read more